C2
APT
MuddyWater is an APT group linked to Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS). Active since at least 2017. Uses multi-stage infection vectors, often using file sharing services to distribute malware. Exploits legitimate remote admin tools to get access to systems and espionage/data theft. Seen in telecom, defense, oil and gas sectors across Asia, Africa, Europe and North America.
MuddyWater’s tactics are based on open source tools and public known vulnerabilities. This allows them to adapt fast and maintain persistence in the target network. Their tactics often involve spear phishing campaigns where victims are tricked to download malicious files which leads to system compromise.
Attack Framework
The group’s modular attack framework allows them to drop different malware variants for different goals. They have used PowerShell based backdoors like POWERSTATS to execute commands and exfiltrate data. This makes their attacks effective and hard to detect.
CyberMaterial - Security Through Data
MuddyWater’s link to Iran’s MOIS means they have a strategic purpose behind their cyber activities. Their activities align with Iran’s geopolitical interests, intelligence gathering and undermining adversaries. This state sponsorship gives them resources and mandate to run long and complex cyber campaigns
Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement.
Deploy advanced endpoint detection and response tools.
Regularly apply security patches to address known vulnerabilities.
Conduct proactive threat-hunting to identify potential compromises.
